Joahannes B. D. da Costa

selected publications

1. Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks

   Mobility-aware Vehicular Cloud Formation Mechanism for Vehicular Edge Computing Environments

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Wellington Lobato, Allan M de Souza, Denis Rosário, Eduardo Cerqueira, Christoph Sommer, and Leandro A Villas

   Ad Hoc Networks 2023

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   Rapid advancements in vehicular technology and increased vehicle modernization have led to the emergence of intelligent and interconnected entities. As a result, the Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) paradigm has gained prominence. This paradigm enables the provision of cloud computing services close to vehicular users by utilizing the idle computational resources of vehicles to execute tasks that require computing power beyond what is available locally. Aggregating these computational resources in the vehicular context is known as Vehicular Cloud (VCloud) formation. However, leveraging and aggregating these resources poses several challenges due to the dynamic nature of the vehicular environment. One of the main challenges is the efficient selection of vehicles to assume management roles in the distribution of computational power within the group, often referred to as leading vehicles. This research presents a mobility-aware mechanism called PREDATOR to enhance the VCloud formation process. In this mechanism, the Roadside Unit (RSU) provides vehicular mobility predictions, enabling the selection of the most stable vehicles within the RSU coverage area to assume leadership roles in the VCloud. In this context, vehicle stability is associated with a vehicle’s time within the RSU coverage area, known as dwell time. PREDATOR employs a microscopic perspective to select vehicles with the longest dwell time in the VCloud, allowing for efficient management of computational resource utilization. Simulation results have demonstrated that PREDATOR not only increases the VCloud lifetime but also minimizes leader changes, reduces network message exchange, mitigates packet collisions, and facilitates the effective utilization of aggregated vehicular resources compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

   @article{dacosta2023mobilityaware,
     title = {Mobility-aware Vehicular Cloud Formation Mechanism for Vehicular Edge Computing Environments},
     author = {{da Costa}, Joahannes B D and Lobato, Wellington and {de Souza}, Allan M and Ros{\'a}rio, Denis and Cerqueira, Eduardo and Sommer, Christoph and Villas, Leandro A},
     journal = {Ad Hoc Networks},
     volume = {151},
     pages = {103300},
     year = {2023},
     issn = {1570-8705},
     doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2023.103300},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
   }

2. IEEE VTC2023-Fall

   Improving Fairness and Performance in Resource Usage for Vehicular Edge Computing

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Allan M de Souza, Wellington Lobato, Denis Rosário, Christoph Sommer, and Leandro A Villas

   In IEEE 98th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall) 2023

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   Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) has emerged to offer cloud computing services closer to vehicular users by combining vehicles and edge computing nodes into Vehicular Clouds (VCs). In this scenario, an intelligent task scheduler must decide which VC will run which tasks, considering contextual aspects like vehicular mobility and tasks’ requirements. This is important to minimize both processing time and monetary costs. However, such direct optimization can lead to unfairness in resource usage, easily leading to (as we will show) decreased performance. Towards this end, in this work, we propose FARID, a task scheduling mechanism that considers contextual aspects of its decision process and applies a probabilistic selection function on VCs to balance the processing load and increase the fairness in the use of vehicular resources. Compared to state-of-the-art solutions, FARID has a higher level of fairness and can schedule more tasks while minimizing monetary costs and system latency.

3. IEEE T-ITS

   Mobility and Deadline-aware Task Scheduling Mechanism for Vehicular Edge Computing

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Allan M de Souza, Rodolfo I Meneguette, Denis Rosário, Eduardo Cerqueira, Christoph Sommer, and Leandro A Villas

   IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2023

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   Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) is a promising paradigm that provides cloud computing services closer to vehicular users. In VEC, vehicles and communication infrastructures can form pools with computational resources to meet vehicular services with low-latency constraints. These resource pools are known as Vehicular Cloud (VC). The usage of VC resources requires a task scheduling process. In this case, depending on its complexity, a vehicular service can be divided into different tasks. An efficient task scheduling needs to orchestrate where and for how long such tasks will run, considering the available pools, the mobility of nodes, and the tasks deadline constraints. Thus, this article proposes an efficient VC task scheduler based on an approximation heuristic and resources prediction to select the best VC for each task, called MARINA. MARINA aims to analyze the behavior of vehicles that share their computational resources with the VC and make scheduling decisions based on the mobility (VC availability) of these vehicles. Simulation results under a realistic scenario demonstrate the efficiency of MARINA compared to existing state-of-the-art mechanisms in terms of the number of tasks scheduled, monetary cost, system latency, and Central Processing Unit (CPU) utilization.

4. IEEE VTC2022-Fall

   Efficient Pareto Optimality-based Task Scheduling for Vehicular Edge Computing

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Allan M de Souza, Denis Rosário, Christoph Sommer, and Leandro A Villas

   In IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall) 2022

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   Vehicular Edge Computing is a promising paradigm that provides cloud computing services closer to vehicular users. Vehicles and communication infrastructure can cooperatively provide vehicular services with low latency constraints through vehicular cloud formation and using these computational resources via task scheduling. An efficient task scheduler must decide which cloud will run the tasks, considering vehicular mobility and task requirements. This is important to minimize processing time and, consequently, monetary cost. However, the literature solutions do not consider these contextual aspects together, degrading the overall system efficiency. This work presents EFESTO, a task scheduling mechanism that considers contextual aspects in its decision process. The results show that, compared to state-of-the-art solutions, EFESTO can schedule more tasks while minimizing monetary cost and system latency.

5. IEEE VTC2020-Spring

   Combinatorial optimization-based task allocation mechanism for vehicular clouds

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Rodolfo I Meneguette, Denis Rosário, and Leandro A Villas

   In IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring) 2020

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   The automotive industry has been continuously investing in the modernization of the vehicles by the addition of more sensors and computational power. With this evolution, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) make up a services framework that seeks to mitigate problems in the road sector. Many ITS services are facilitated by creating vehicular clouds (VCs) by using the communication capabilities of other vehicles to provide cloud services closer to vehicular applications. However, often the computational resources present in the vehicles are underutilized. For this reason, we propose in this work a mechanism that efficiently allocates computational tasks to be performed in VCs. Simulation results on a realistic mobility trace show that, with our mechanism, tasks are more allocated, the reward from allocating these tasks was higher, resource waste was minimized, and less CPU is used in the allocation processing. Also, the proposed mechanism is statistically close to a globally optimal solution.

6. JISA

   Efficient data dissemination protocol based on complex networks’ metrics for urban vehicular networks

   Joahannes B D da Costa, Allan M de Souza, Denis Rosário, Eduardo Cerqueira, and Leandro A Villas

   Journal of Internet Services and Applications 2019

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   Services that aim to make the current transportation system more secure, sustainable, and efficient constitute the Traffic Management Systems (TMS). Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) exert a strong influence for TMS applications, due to TMS services require data, communication, and processing for operation. Besides, VANET allows direct communication between vehicles, and data are exchanged and processed between them. Several TMS services require disseminated information among decision-making vehicles. However, such dissemination is a challenging task, due to the specific characteristics of VANETs, such as short-range communication and high node mobility, resulting in several variations in their topology. In this article, we introduce an extensive analysis of our proposed data dissemination protocol based on complex networks’ metrics for urban VANET scenarios, called DDRX. Each vehicle must build a subgraph to identify the relay node to continue the dissemination process. Based on the local graph, it is possible to select the relay nodes based on complex networks’ metrics. Simulation results show that DDRX offers high efficiency in terms of coverage, number of transmitted packets, delay, and packet collisions compared to well-known data dissemination protocols. Also, DDRX provides significant improvements to a TMS that needs efficient data dissemination.